If you go into debt to start a farm, you have to keep in mind the interest you’ll be paying over time as part of your cost.Ĥ – Our farm/home is located on just over a half acre of land, only a small portion of which we’re actually using for flower production this first year–around 1,100 square feet is all (though we’ve almost quadrupled the size of our flower farm for next year). We largely used money from stimulus checks, our tax return, and income from the farm itself to fund this year’s expenses, so these start-up costs aren’t things we’re going to be paying off for years. While we sourced many of our supplies from online sources (and therefore the prices would be similar across the nation), some of them will be based on what we found locally, such as all the filler for the raised beds that we bought from our local IFA.ģ – We did not go into debt to start this farm. Therefore, I can’t tell you exactly how much YOU would need to start a flower farm of your own, but I CAN tell you what it cost to start mine, which will hopefully give you a pretty good idea of the start-up costs in case you’re thinking of going into this on your own.ġ – The figures below only indicate the SUPPLIES we bought-they don’t take into account the money spent on transportation, the MANY hours of labor, or the cost of watering the flowers using irrigation and culinary water sources.Ģ – We started our farm this year (in 2021) in Central Utah. Related Post: How to Start a Microscale Flower Farm for around $200 Obviously there will be variability with the figures depending on the size of your farm, if you decide to invest in some higher-cost infrastructure (aka, high tunnels or a greenhouse), where your farm is located, etc. However, I have found relatively few sources that give actual hard and fast numbers for what it costs to START one (although occasionally you’ll get a ballpark figure–I’ve seen some saying as little as around $600 and some saying $20,000+). While there used to be relatively few sources you could go to if you were wanting to go into growing cut flowers for profit, there are now more than you could ever read / watch / follow in a lifetime. In the past few years, flower farming has seen a distinct boom in the U.S.
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In a blog post shared with TechCrunch before publication, Microsoft’s Security Response Center said that “no customer data was exposed, and no other internal services were put at risk because of this issue.” Microsoft said it completed its investigation on potential organizational impact on August 16. Wiz said it shared its findings with Microsoft on June 22, and Microsoft revoked the SAS token two days later on June 24. With many development teams needing to manipulate massive amounts of data, share it with their peers or collaborate on public open source projects, cases like Microsoft’s are increasingly hard to monitor and avoid.” “However, as data scientists and engineers race to bring new AI solutions to production, the massive amounts of data they handle require additional security checks and safeguards. “AI unlocks huge potential for tech companies,” Wiz co-founder and CTO Ami Luttwak told TechCrunch. SAS tokens are a mechanism used by Azure that allows users to create shareable links granting access to an Azure Storage account’s data. Rather, the Microsoft AI developers included an overly permissive shared access signature (SAS) token in the URL. Wiz notes that the storage account wasn’t directly exposed. The URL, which had exposed this data since 2020, was also misconfigured to allow “full control” rather than “read-only” permissions, according to Wiz, which meant anyone who knew where to look could potentially delete, replace and inject malicious content into them. The data also contained other sensitive personal data, including passwords to Microsoft services, secret keys and more than 30,000 internal Microsoft Teams messages from hundreds of Microsoft employees. This data included 38 terabytes of sensitive information, including the personal backups of two Microsoft employees’ personal computers. However, Wiz found that this URL was configured to grant permissions on the entire storage account, exposing additional private data by mistake. Readers of the GitHub repository, which provided open source code and AI models for image recognition, were instructed to download the models from an Azure Storage URL. In research shared with TechCrunch, cloud security startup Wiz said it discovered a GitHub repository belonging to Microsoft’s AI research division as part of its ongoing work into the accidental exposure of cloud-hosted data. Microsoft AI researchers accidentally exposed tens of terabytes of sensitive data, including private keys and passwords, while publishing a storage bucket of open source training data on GitHub. You need one place when you can easily find all the files, Loops, dashboards and design boards you need to work on, no matter where they live. Today the files you work on span across OneDrive, extend to SharePoint document libraries, travel as attachments in meeting invites, and get exchanged through Teams chats. Now, OneDrive is adapting to meet your needs as the work landscape evolves. OneDrive hosts trillions of files, with nearly 2 billion more files added every day. It also powers sharing, collaboration and file security, and it’s used by people and organizations big and small around the world. It goes beyond storing and protecting files. OneDrive is now the center of your files experience in Microsoft 365. To switch back to the classic Teams, turn off the New Teams toggle at the top of Teams.OneDrive has come a long way since it first launched as a cloud storage provider. If you'd like to switch back to classic Teams, it's easy to toggle back and forth. The new Teams has full feature parity for almost all features including custom line-of-business apps, third-party apps, breakout rooms, 7x7 video, call queues, PSTN calling, contextual search in chats and channels, cross-post a channel conversation, and more. To learn more, see Manage accounts and organizations in Microsoft Teams. If your account is a Guest in another organization, it will appear automatically. To add another account, select your profile picture at the top right of the new Teams, then select Add another account. Set your status for each account and organization individually. Participate in chats, meetings, and calls across multiple accounts and organizations without dropping from a call or meeting to switch accounts/orgs, and Receive real-time notifications from all the accounts (and all associated organizations) When you add accounts to your Teams desktop app, you can: With Multi-Tenant Multi-Account (MTMA) support in the new Teams, you can sign into multiple work or school accounts (or as a Guest in other organizations) without signing in on multiple web browsers. Find Microsoft Teams (work preview) in the apps list and set your preference. When in the new Teams, turn on (or off) notifications by selecting Settings and more at the top of the new Teams, then selecting Settings > Notifications > Open Windows notifications settings. Any subsequent actions you take will happen in the new Teams by default, like joining a Teams meeting from Outlook. Your Teams app will reboot to open the new Teams. Select Get it now from the pop-out dialogue. Turn on the Try the new Teams toggle at the top of Teams. Open the Teams desktop app on your Windows device. If you don't see the toggle next to Try the new Teams, contact your IT admin. Minimum system requirements for the new Teams: Window 10 Vibranium 1 and Microsoft Teams (work or school) version 1.2 or higher. To get started using the new Teams, flip the toggle next to Try the new Teams in the upper-left corner of the classic Teams app. Get help and give feedback Start using the new Teams Launch and navigate in fewer clicks, with the same layout you're used to. In the new Teams, you can switch between apps, respond to chat messages, and join meetings and calls more quickly while using less battery and memory. Switch to the new Teams and experience the fastest version of Teams yet, rebuilt from the ground up. With a performance-first mindset, the new Teams is faster, simpler, and more flexible than ever before. If you're still using classic Teams, you will be automatically upgraded to the new Teams in the coming months. As of October 5, 2023, the new Microsoft Teams app for Windows and Mac is generally available. The new Teams is also in public preview for Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI) and government cloud customers.įeatures and enhancements to Microsoft Teams will be available exclusively in the new Teams. 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Solution: First calculate the dynamic viscosity using the following formula, using the given values, Mercury with dynamic viscosity 1.526 \(Pa\ s\) Water with dynamic viscosity 1 \(Pa\ s\)Īir with dynamic viscosity 0.018 \(Pa\ s\) According to its dynamic viscosity, to which one of these fluids corresponds? Q.1: A fluid with a shear rate of 0.5 per second, and the shearing stress 0.76 N per m². We measure Dynamic viscosity in the unit of Pascal second or \(Pa\ s\) Solved Examples In the form of the equation, we can write it as: Thus, we can express it as:ĭynamic viscosity = \(\frac \) Since dynamic viscosity is the tangential force required to move one horizontal plane of a fluid with respect to another. Viscosity is determined by measuring the force i.e. These instruments will rotate a probe in the liquid sample. The rotational viscometer is a popular instrument, used to measure the dynamic viscosity. Thus dynamic viscosity can be expressed as the tangential force per unit area required to move the fluid in one horizontal plane with respect to another plane, with a velocity of unit value while the fluid’s molecules maintain a unit distance apart. Therefore, the dynamic viscosity is the force needed by a fluid to overcome its own internal molecular friction so that the fluid can flow. The viscosity acts as an important fluid property during the analysis of liquid behavior and fluid motion near solid boundaries. This is a kind of tangential force that acts when one horizontal plane moves with another one. Shear stress in the fluid is possible due to the intermolecular friction exerted when layers of fluids attempt to slide over each other.ĭynamic Viscosity Formula for the fluid will define its internal resistance to flow due to some shearing force. Also, the way it will move when it comes in contact with solid boundaries.Ī fluid’s viscosity is the measure of the resistance to its gradual deformation by tensile or shear stress. Viscosity is an important property of the fluid material and is useful to understand the fluid’s behavior. One way is to measure a fluid’s resistance to flow when an external force is applied and is the dynamic viscosity. It is not easy to find a lot of information on the differences between dynamic and kinematic viscosity. 2 Solved Examples Dynamic Viscosity Formula What is Dynamic Viscosity? Or you can add our Hub Hobby Generic AC to DC Adapter. If you do not have access to an automotive power source you'll need to add the Traxxas 2976 – AC to DC Power Supply Adapter. Traxxas 71054-1: Fully assembled, Ready-To-Drive ®, with TQ™ 2.4GHz radio system, Titan ® 12T 550 motor, XL-2.5 electronic speed control, 7.2 volt NiMH iD battery, 2-amp DC peak detecting fast charger, and ProGraphix ® painted body.Ī DC charger allows you to fast-charge your 5, 6, or 7 cell (6.0 - 8,4 volt) NiMH battery from a common 12v automotive power source. Intricately molded as a single piece, the chassis balances strength, weight, and performance to surpass the standards of the "mini" category. The suspension and electronics fully integrate into the semi-monocoque chassis. The Revo’s rocker-actuated suspension carries over to 1/16 scale with all its functionality and performance intact, right down to the oil-filled, threaded-body GTR shocks. The 1/16 E-Revo packs all the innovation, durability and excitement of the race-winning Revo and E-Revo in a convenient take-anywhere size. The patented Traxxas High-Current Connector opens the door for unrestricted current flow with today's high-power batteries. The XL-2.5 Electronic Speed Control comes standard with three drive profiles, low voltage detection, thermal shutdown protection, gold-plated connectors, and incredibly low resistance. A cooler running motor equates to faster speeds, longer runtime, and extended motor life. The Titan's integrated cooling fan pulls cool air through vent tunnels molded into the motor plate to keep temperatures down. Leave it to Traxxas to put the huge torque of the Titan 550 motor into the 1/16 E-Revo for unstoppable climbing, roosting, and monster performance! The Titan modified motor delivers exciting mod-motor power output with long-lasting performance.
Combined output for the PHEV is 375 hp and 470 pounds-feet of torque, and it’s rated to tow up to 6,000 pounds. It comes standard with an eight-speed automatic and AWD with a two-speed transfer case. The two-row 4xe’s plug-in hybrid powertrain uses a turbocharged 2.0-liter four-cylinder engine, two electric motors and a 17.3- kilowatt-hour battery pack. Additionally, the six-cylinder is rated to tow up to 6,200 pounds, while V-8 models are rated for up to 7,200 pounds. Jeep offers three 4WD systems with escalating off-road capability. The V-6 is available with rear- or four-wheel drive the V-8 is 4WD-only. Both engines are mated to eight-speed automatic transmissions. Optional for Overland and Summit versions of the three-row Grand Cherokee L is a 357-hp, 5.7-liter Hemi V-8 that produces 390 pounds-feet of torque. Standard for most gasoline Grand Cherokees is a 293-horsepower, 3.6-liter V-6 that puts out 260 pounds-feet of torque. The Grand Cherokee’s three powertrains carry over for the 2024 model year. Beyond the Trailhawk, other 4xe trim levels are the base, Overland and Summit (which also has a top-level Reserve version). The Trailhawk also has a CARB State Edition version that is sold only in California and other states that follow its California Air Resources Board emissions rules. The trim lineup for the 4xe PHEV continues to have the only Trailhawk variant, which according to Jeep is the most off-road-capable Grand Cherokee. The 2024 Jeep Grand Cherokee and Cherokee L trim levels include the Laredo, Altitude, Limited, Overland and Summit, along with X upgrades for the Laredo and Altitude trims and a top-level Reserve version of the Summit. 2024 Trim Levels 2023 Jeep Grand Cherokee 4xe Trailhawk | photo by Corey Watts gave the redesigned Grand Cherokee the Best SUV of 2023 award and has been evaluating ownership of one in our long-term test fleet. It updated the traditional two-row Grand Cherokee with a redesign for the 2022 model year and added a 4xe plug-in hybrid version later in 2022. Related: 2022 Jeep Grand Cherokee 4xe Review: Nearly Silent Off-Roading Is Niceīeginning with the three-row Grand Cherokee L for 2021, Jeep has steadily expanded its mid-size SUV into a line of vehicles. The 2023 model’s 30th Anniversary Edition package also becomes the Anniversary Edition (it’s now the nameplate’s 31st year, after all). The Jeep Grand Cherokee line carries over virtually unchanged for the 2024 model year aside from some new wheels for a few trim levels. Most significant changes: The most significant change for 2024 is what isn’t changing: Pricing holds mostly steady for the 2024 model year after the big price increases the Grand Cherokee line got for 2023. We have drunk coffee three times today.Ĭareful not to confuse this with repeated actions which are habitual, for which the imperfect is more appropriate. When discussing something completed recently that is relevant to the topic of conversation or a repetition of actions, however, you may want to mention a specific time period, such as “today” or “last month.” I have eaten paella before.Ĭomí paella el septiembre pasado en España. It won’t normally be used in conjunction with specific dates or times like the preterite/simple past tense, but rather should be used to talk about a more general state of things being completed. The present perfect is normally used to express some relevant past information that has to do with the current situation. Like its English counterpart, the Spanish past perfect is used to talk about actions which happened or started in the past, or generally about experiences the subject has had in their life. I have read your email.Ĭreo que ya he tenido suficiente por hoy. Spanish uses the auxiliary verb haber (“to have”) plus the past participle (called the “ participio” ) of the main verb to form the present perfect. She has had enough of his drama!ĭid you notice that each of these sentences has two verbs? Just as in English, the present perfect is a compound tense. Take a look at these English examples and see if you can guess how we’ll form the Spanish present perfect! Use the present perfect (i.e., el pretérito perfecto compuesto or el antepresente) to make a comment about the present state of affairs for someone regarding a completed action from the past.įorming the present perfect in Spanish is simple because it follows the same pattern as English. The Spanish present perfect tense is generally used for descriptions of completed events or actions with a specific endpoint in time that are relevant or have taken place immediately before the present moment. The antibody was later found to target AQP4, the main water-channel protein in the CNS mostly expressed on astrocytic end-feet, and the name was changed to AQP4-IgG ( 6). In 2004, Vanda Lennon and Brian Weinshenker published on a novel autoantibody that they identified in a cohort of patients with NMO but not in patients with MS, which they initially named NMO-IgG ( 1). Devic and Gault reviewed the literature at the time for similar cases and proposed the disease as a distinct entity, although the syndrome was regarded for decades by many as a more severe variant of MS, sometimes with different names worldwide (e.g., optic-spinal MS in Asia) ( 5). The term neuromyelitis optica (NMO) was first used in 1894 by Eugene Devic and his student Fernand Gault to describe a syndrome characterized by the simultaneous occurrence of bilateral optic neuritis (ON) and acute myelitis. There is often confusion among clinicians since both the terms NMOSD and MOGAD have been used in the literature to refer to the CNS demyelinating disorder associated with MOG-IgG. History and Definitions: The Concept of NMOSD and MOGAD Although not representing the focus of this work, AQP4-IgG+NMOSD and MS will be discussed as comparison groups to highlight differences and similarities with MOGAD. In this review article we will summarize our current understanding of MOGAD, the most recently characterized demyelinating CNS disorder, and provide guidance for diagnosis and management. Awareness of the specific features that define each demyelinating disorder is crucial for a correct diagnosis and timely initiation of an appropriate treatment ( 4). Consensual refinements in the clinical-MRI characterization of these three disease entities has increased diagnostic precision, and allowed identification of important differences in pathophysiology, treatment response, and outcomes. In summary, this article will review our rapidly evolving understanding of MOGAD diagnosis and management.ĭuring the last 15 years, the global concept of inflammatory demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) has radically changed with the identification of specific autoantibody-associated conditions distinct from multiple sclerosis (MS), namely aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-IgG-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4-IgG+NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-IgG-associated disease (MOGAD) ( 1– 4). A variety of empiric steroid-sparing immunosuppressants can be considered and may be efficacious based on retrospective or prospective observational studies but prospective randomized placebo-controlled trials are needed to better guide treatment. Attack-prevention treatments also lack class-I data and empiric maintenance treatment is generally reserved for relapsing cases or patients with severe residual disability after the presenting attack. Although randomized controlled trials are lacking, MOGAD acute attacks appear to be very responsive to high dose steroids and plasma exchange may be considered in refractory cases. International consensus diagnostic criteria for MOGAD are currently being compiled and will assist in clinical diagnosis and be useful for enrolment in clinical trials. high) can influence the likelihood of MOGAD diagnosis. The type of cell-based assay used to evaluate for MOG-IgG (fixed vs. The detection of MOG-IgG in the serum (and sometimes CSF) confirms the diagnosis in patients with compatible clinical-MRI phenotypes, but false positive results are occasionally encountered, especially with indiscriminate testing of large unselected populations. Characteristic MRI features have been described that increase the diagnostic suspicion (e.g., perineural optic nerve enhancement, spinal cord H-sign, T2-lesion resolution over time) and help discriminate from MS and AQP4+NMOSD, despite some overlap. A relapsing course is observed in approximately 50% of patients. The clinical manifestations of MOGAD are heterogeneous, ranging from isolated optic neuritis or myelitis to multifocal CNS demyelination often in the form of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), or cortical encephalitis. Over the last decade, several studies have helped delineate the characteristic clinical-MRI phenotypes of the disease, allowing distinction from aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-IgG-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4-IgG+NMOSD) and multiple sclerosis (MS). Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is the most recently defined inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). The Ghost Rider appeared as Robbie's reflection, and Robbie asked the Rider what it is, to which it responded "The real question is. Robbie became the Ghost Rider again and attacked them, before driving to a junkyard and reverting. While attempting to take it out for another drive, he was confronted by two thugs, who worked for the owner of the car. Concerned, he returned to the workshop where the car had been, Canelo's Auto and Body. Robbie awoke the next morning, believing the events had simply been a nightmare however, he soon found that one of his eyes was now orange. The Ghost Rider gave chase and managed to take out a handful of Robbie's attackers, though some of them got away. They attempted to burn the car and Robbie's body however, as they left, the ghost possessed Robbie, transforming him into a new Ghost Rider. He left his car and attempted to explain himself to his pursuers, only for them to violently open fire upon him, killing him. Worried about what would happen to Gabe without him, Robbie tried to escape, but inadvertently drove into a dead end. As he was taking the lead however, he was followed by whom he assumed to be the police. Unbeknownst to him, the car he used was inhabited by a ghost. Robbie's first transformation into the Ghost RiderĮager to move to a safer neighborhood, Robbie entered a street race to earn fifty thousand dollars. The neighborhood he lived in, Hillrock Heights, was plagued with gangs and corruption, making life difficult for him and his brother, Gabe, who looked up to him as a hero. Robbie Reyes was a young mechanic working in East Los Angeles, California. And I'll be damned if I'm losing this race." To hell with being a Spirit of Vengeance. But what the hell have the Ghost Riders ever done? Except bring misery to themselves and everyone they love. Like that's supposed to be some kinda insult. "Everyone keeps telling me that I'm the worst Ghost Rider that's ever lived. White streak in his hair, head resembles a flaming skull in his Rider form Reyes Residence, Hillrock Heights, East Los Angeles, California Avengers Mountain, North Pole, Arctic Circle, Arctic Oceanġ40 lbs (63.5 kg) 180 lbs (As Ghost Rider)īrown (right) & Green (left), Heterochromia (as Robbie),None (as Ghost Rider) The Legend of Hillrock Heights, La Leyenda, Roast Rider, Robot Racer, Skeleton Driver The game launched with a total of 4,000 Gamerscore spread across 400 Achievements-the largest amount of Gamerscore given to a game since its introduction. The compilation features new Achievements, and all difficulty and play modes are unlocked from the start. The Extras menu includes access to live-action video series Halo: Nightfall via the Halo Channel and the Halo 5: Guardians multiplayer beta, until it was removed prior to the game's release. The Collection multiplayer includes Mission Setlists, curated lists of levels selected from throughout the series. The Halo 2 anniversary multiplayer mode uses the six remastered maps, while the standard Halo 2 multiplayer mode includes all of the original game's released maps with a full graphical update but no remastering. Since only six of the game's multiplayer maps were remastered, there are two Halo 2 multiplayer modes. Additions to Halo 2 's campaign mode include "Terminals", and new prologue and epilogue cutscenes to link the series for Halo 5 's debut. Īs in Combat Evolved Anniversary, Halo 2 players can swap between the original and upgraded graphics on the fly. The Microsoft Windows release does not have split screen capability, but it can be played cooperatively online with Steam friends and Xbox friends. Each campaign has four difficulty levels and access to gameplay modifiers known as "Skulls".Īll four campaign modes can be played alone or cooperatively via split screen or Xbox Live on Xbox One and Series X/S. The games are first-person shooters with vehicular combat that takes place from a third-person perspective. There have been no story or gameplay changes to the original releases. The Master Chief Collection originally consisted of Halo: Combat Evolved Anniversary, Halo 2 Anniversary, Halo 3, and Halo 4, complete with their full catalog of extras, including all multiplayer maps and gameplay modes. Many of these technical issues were later fixed in post-release patches. Glitches and bugs in the multiplayer and matchmaking experiences led to an apology from 343 Industries and numerous post-release updates. The game includes access to the live-action series Halo: Nightfall as well as the Halo 5: Guardians multiplayer beta that ran in 2014–15.Īt launch, critics generally praised The Master Chief Collection for its updated audio and visuals, as well as its quantity of content. Halo 2 received a high-definition redesign of its video, audio and cutscenes to celebrate its tenth anniversary. The collection includes Halo: Combat Evolved Anniversary, Halo 2: Anniversary, Halo 3, Halo 3: ODST, Halo: Reach, and Halo 4.Įach game in The Master Chief Collection received graphical upgrades. The collection was developed by 343 Industries in partnership with other studios and was published by Xbox Game Studios. The collection was released in November 2014 for the Xbox One, and later ported to Microsoft Windows and Xbox Series X/S. Halo: The Master Chief Collection is a compilation of first-person shooter video games in the Halo series. |
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